How to Treat a Swollen Fetlock on a Horse: Quick Guide

A swollen fetlock in horses can stem from various causes—strains, sprains, infections, or even underlying conditions like arthritis. The first step is always to rest the horse immediately. Movement can exacerbate the swelling, so stall rest or limited turnout in a small paddock is crucial. Apply cold therapy—ice packs or cold water hosing—for 15–20 minutes several times a day to reduce inflammation. If the swelling persists or worsens after 24–48 hours, consult your vet for a proper diagnosis.

Wrapping the fetlock with a supportive bandage can help, but do it carefully—too tight, and you’ll restrict circulation. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories like phenylbutazone (bute) may offer relief, but always under veterinary guidance. Never apply medication blindly without knowing the root cause. If the swelling is warm to the touch or accompanied by heat, lameness, or discharge, infection could be brewing, requiring antibiotics or even drainage. Monitoring your horse’s comfort level and behavior is key—if they’re still bright-eyed and grazing, it’s likely mild. But let’s be honest, if they’re refusing treats or grinding their teeth in pain, that’s a red flag.

Common Causes of Fetlock Swelling

Trauma or Overuse

A misstep in uneven terrain, slippery footing, or repetitive strain from intense workouts can lead to soft tissue injuries, like tendon or ligament strains. Eventers and jumpers are especially prone—those tight turns and hard landings take a toll. Even pasture injuries from rough play or running through deep mud can leave a fetlock puffy.

Joint Infections (Septic Arthritis)

If the fetlock is hot, painful, and oozing, think: infection. Puncture wounds, even tiny ones, can introduce bacteria. This is an emergency—delayed treatment risks permanent joint damage. Your vet may flush the joint and prescribe aggressive antibiotics.

Degenerative Conditions (Osteoarthritis)

Older horses or those with a history of joint stress may develop arthritis. The swelling is often chronic, paired with stiffness that eases with movement. Management includes joint supplements, controlled exercise, and sometimes injections.

Step-by-Step Treatment Plan

Immediate First Aid

• Rest: No riding, no turnout in large spaces—strict stall rest for 24–48 hours.
• Cold Therapy: Ice packs or cold hosing 3–4 times daily to curb swelling.
• Pressure Bandaging: Use a padded standing wrap for support, but check for even tension.

Veterinary Intervention

If swelling lingers or worsens, diagnostic tools like ultrasounds or X-rays help pinpoint the issue. Treatments may include:

• Anti-inflammatories (bute, Banamine)
• Joint injections (hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids)
• Antibiotics for infections

Long-Term Management

Rehab varies by cause:

• Soft tissue injuries: Gradual return to work with controlled exercise.
• Arthritis: Weight management, joint supplements (glucosamine, MSM), and low-impact work like walking or swimming.

Preventing Future Swelling

An ounce of prevention beats a pound of cure—ensure proper conditioning, avoid overworking on hard ground, and provide supportive hoof care. Regular leg checks post-workout catch early swelling before it escalates. And hey, a little TLC—like cooling gels or massage—never hurt.

When to Worry: Red Flags

Some signs demand immediate vet attention:

• Severe lameness or refusal to bear weight
• Heat, redness, or open wounds near the joint
• Fever or lethargy (systemic infection signs)

Trust your gut—if something feels off, it’s better to call the vet too soon than too late.

The Emotional Toll of Equine Injury

Watching your horse in discomfort tugs at the heartstrings. But remember, with prompt care and patience, most fetlock issues resolve. Keep their spirits up with gentle grooming, hand-walking once cleared, and those secret carrot stashes—because healing is as much about love as it is about medicine.

There’s a quiet strength in nurturing a horse back to health. Every cold hose session, every careful wrap application, speaks of devotion. And when they finally trot sound again, their renewed energy is the best thank-you you’ll ever receive. 🐴❤️